libretro.h

/* Copyright (C) 2010-2017 The RetroArch team
 *
 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * The following license statement only applies to this libretro API header (libretro.h).
 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge,
 * to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
 * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
 * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
 * INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#ifndef LIBRETRO_H__
#define LIBRETRO_H__

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <limits.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#ifndef __cplusplus
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SN_TARGET_PS3)
/* Hack applied for MSVC when compiling in C89 mode
 * as it isn't C99-compliant. */
#define bool unsigned char
#define true 1
#define false 0
#else
#include <stdbool.h>
#endif
#endif

#ifndef RETRO_CALLCONV
#  if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__i386__) && !defined(__x86_64__)
#    define RETRO_CALLCONV __attribute__((cdecl))
#  elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X86) && !defined(_M_X64)
#    define RETRO_CALLCONV __cdecl
#  else
#    define RETRO_CALLCONV /* all other platforms only have one calling convention each */
#  endif
#endif

#ifndef RETRO_API
#  if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
#    ifdef RETRO_IMPORT_SYMBOLS
#      ifdef __GNUC__
#        define RETRO_API RETRO_CALLCONV __attribute__((__dllimport__))
#      else
#        define RETRO_API RETRO_CALLCONV __declspec(dllimport)
#      endif
#    else
#      ifdef __GNUC__
#        define RETRO_API RETRO_CALLCONV __attribute__((__dllexport__))
#      else
#        define RETRO_API RETRO_CALLCONV __declspec(dllexport)
#      endif
#    endif
#  else
#      if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4 && !defined(__CELLOS_LV2__)
#        define RETRO_API RETRO_CALLCONV __attribute__((__visibility__("default")))
#      else
#        define RETRO_API RETRO_CALLCONV
#      endif
#  endif
#endif

/* Used for checking API/ABI mismatches that can break libretro 
 * implementations.
 * It is not incremented for compatible changes to the API.
 */
#define RETRO_API_VERSION         1

/*
 * Libretro's fundamental device abstractions.
 *
 * Libretro's input system consists of some standardized device types,
 * such as a joypad (with/without analog), mouse, keyboard, lightgun 
 * and a pointer.
 *
 * The functionality of these devices are fixed, and individual cores 
 * map their own concept of a controller to libretro's abstractions.
 * This makes it possible for frontends to map the abstract types to a 
 * real input device, and not having to worry about binding input 
 * correctly to arbitrary controller layouts.
 */

#define RETRO_DEVICE_TYPE_SHIFT         8
#define RETRO_DEVICE_MASK               ((1 << RETRO_DEVICE_TYPE_SHIFT) - 1)
#define RETRO_DEVICE_SUBCLASS(base, id) (((id + 1) << RETRO_DEVICE_TYPE_SHIFT) | base)

/* Input disabled. */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_NONE         0

/* The JOYPAD is called RetroPad. It is essentially a Super Nintendo 
 * controller, but with additional L2/R2/L3/R3 buttons, similar to a 
 * PS1 DualShock. */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_JOYPAD       1

/* The mouse is a simple mouse, similar to Super Nintendo's mouse.
 * X and Y coordinates are reported relatively to last poll (poll callback).
 * It is up to the libretro implementation to keep track of where the mouse 
 * pointer is supposed to be on the screen.
 * The frontend must make sure not to interfere with its own hardware 
 * mouse pointer.
 */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_MOUSE        2

/* KEYBOARD device lets one poll for raw key pressed.
 * It is poll based, so input callback will return with the current 
 * pressed state.
 * For event/text based keyboard input, see
 * RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_KEYBOARD_CALLBACK.
 */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_KEYBOARD     3

/* Lightgun X/Y coordinates are reported relatively to last poll,
 * similar to mouse. */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_LIGHTGUN     4

/* The ANALOG device is an extension to JOYPAD (RetroPad).
 * Similar to DualShock it adds two analog sticks.
 * This is treated as a separate device type as it returns values in the 
 * full analog range of [-0x8000, 0x7fff]. Positive X axis is right.
 * Positive Y axis is down.
 * Only use ANALOG type when polling for analog values of the axes.
 */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ANALOG       5

/* Abstracts the concept of a pointing mechanism, e.g. touch.
 * This allows libretro to query in absolute coordinates where on the 
 * screen a mouse (or something similar) is being placed.
 * For a touch centric device, coordinates reported are the coordinates
 * of the press.
 *
 * Coordinates in X and Y are reported as:
 * [-0x7fff, 0x7fff]: -0x7fff corresponds to the far left/top of the screen,
 * and 0x7fff corresponds to the far right/bottom of the screen.
 * The "screen" is here defined as area that is passed to the frontend and 
 * later displayed on the monitor.
 *
 * The frontend is free to scale/resize this screen as it sees fit, however,
 * (X, Y) = (-0x7fff, -0x7fff) will correspond to the top-left pixel of the 
 * game image, etc.
 *
 * To check if the pointer coordinates are valid (e.g. a touch display 
 * actually being touched), PRESSED returns 1 or 0.
 *
 * If using a mouse on a desktop, PRESSED will usually correspond to the 
 * left mouse button, but this is a frontend decision.
 * PRESSED will only return 1 if the pointer is inside the game screen.
 *
 * For multi-touch, the index variable can be used to successively query 
 * more presses.
 * If index = 0 returns true for _PRESSED, coordinates can be extracted
 * with _X, _Y for index = 0. One can then query _PRESSED, _X, _Y with 
 * index = 1, and so on.
 * Eventually _PRESSED will return false for an index. No further presses 
 * are registered at this point. */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_POINTER      6

/* Buttons for the RetroPad (JOYPAD).
 * The placement of these is equivalent to placements on the 
 * Super Nintendo controller.
 * L2/R2/L3/R3 buttons correspond to the PS1 DualShock. */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_B        0
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_Y        1
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_SELECT   2
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_START    3
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_UP       4
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_DOWN     5
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_LEFT     6
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_RIGHT    7
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_A        8
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_X        9
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_L       10
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_R       11
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_L2      12
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_R2      13
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_L3      14
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_JOYPAD_R3      15

/* Index / Id values for ANALOG device. */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_INDEX_ANALOG_LEFT   0
#define RETRO_DEVICE_INDEX_ANALOG_RIGHT  1
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_ANALOG_X         0
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_ANALOG_Y         1

/* Id values for MOUSE. */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_MOUSE_X                0
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_MOUSE_Y                1
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_MOUSE_LEFT             2
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_MOUSE_RIGHT            3
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_MOUSE_WHEELUP          4
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_MOUSE_WHEELDOWN        5
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_MOUSE_MIDDLE           6
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_MOUSE_HORIZ_WHEELUP    7
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_MOUSE_HORIZ_WHEELDOWN  8

/* Id values for LIGHTGUN types. */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_LIGHTGUN_X        0
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_LIGHTGUN_Y        1
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_LIGHTGUN_TRIGGER  2
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_LIGHTGUN_CURSOR   3
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_LIGHTGUN_TURBO    4
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_LIGHTGUN_PAUSE    5
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_LIGHTGUN_START    6

/* Id values for POINTER. */
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_POINTER_X         0
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_POINTER_Y         1
#define RETRO_DEVICE_ID_POINTER_PRESSED   2

/* Returned from retro_get_region(). */
#define RETRO_REGION_NTSC  0
#define RETRO_REGION_PAL   1

/* Id values for LANGUAGE */
enum retro_language
{
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_ENGLISH             = 0,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_JAPANESE            = 1,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_FRENCH              = 2,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_SPANISH             = 3,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_GERMAN              = 4,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_ITALIAN             = 5,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_DUTCH               = 6,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_PORTUGUESE_BRAZIL   = 7,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_PORTUGUESE_PORTUGAL = 8,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_RUSSIAN             = 9,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_KOREAN              = 10,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_CHINESE_TRADITIONAL = 11,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED  = 12,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_ESPERANTO           = 13,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_POLISH              = 14,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_VIETNAMESE          = 15,
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_LAST,

   /* Ensure sizeof(enum) == sizeof(int) */
   RETRO_LANGUAGE_DUMMY          = INT_MAX 
};

/* Passed to retro_get_memory_data/size().
 * If the memory type doesn't apply to the 
 * implementation NULL/0 can be returned.
 */
#define RETRO_MEMORY_MASK        0xff

/* Regular save RAM. This RAM is usually found on a game cartridge,
 * backed up by a battery.
 * If save game data is too complex for a single memory buffer,
 * the SAVE_DIRECTORY (preferably) or SYSTEM_DIRECTORY environment
 * callback can be used. */
#define RETRO_MEMORY_SAVE_RAM    0

/* Some games have a built-in clock to keep track of time.
 * This memory is usually just a couple of bytes to keep track of time.
 */
#define RETRO_MEMORY_RTC         1

/* System ram lets a frontend peek into a game systems main RAM. */
#define RETRO_MEMORY_SYSTEM_RAM  2

/* Video ram lets a frontend peek into a game systems video RAM (VRAM). */
#define RETRO_MEMORY_VIDEO_RAM   3

/* Keysyms used for ID in input state callback when polling RETRO_KEYBOARD. */
enum retro_key
{
   RETROK_UNKNOWN        = 0,
   RETROK_FIRST          = 0,
   RETROK_BACKSPACE      = 8,
   RETROK_TAB            = 9,
   RETROK_CLEAR          = 12,
   RETROK_RETURN         = 13,
   RETROK_PAUSE          = 19,
   RETROK_ESCAPE         = 27,
   RETROK_SPACE          = 32,
   RETROK_EXCLAIM        = 33,
   RETROK_QUOTEDBL       = 34,
   RETROK_HASH           = 35,
   RETROK_DOLLAR         = 36,
   RETROK_AMPERSAND      = 38,
   RETROK_QUOTE          = 39,
   RETROK_LEFTPAREN      = 40,
   RETROK_RIGHTPAREN     = 41,
   RETROK_ASTERISK       = 42,
   RETROK_PLUS           = 43,
   RETROK_COMMA          = 44,
   RETROK_MINUS          = 45,
   RETROK_PERIOD         = 46,
   RETROK_SLASH          = 47,
   RETROK_0              = 48,
   RETROK_1              = 49,
   RETROK_2              = 50,
   RETROK_3              = 51,
   RETROK_4              = 52,
   RETROK_5              = 53,
   RETROK_6              = 54,
   RETROK_7              = 55,
   RETROK_8              = 56,
   RETROK_9              = 57,
   RETROK_COLON          = 58,
   RETROK_SEMICOLON      = 59,
   RETROK_LESS           = 60,
   RETROK_EQUALS         = 61,
   RETROK_GREATER        = 62,
   RETROK_QUESTION       = 63,
   RETROK_AT             = 64,
   RETROK_LEFTBRACKET    = 91,
   RETROK_BACKSLASH      = 92,
   RETROK_RIGHTBRACKET   = 93,
   RETROK_CARET          = 94,
   RETROK_UNDERSCORE     = 95,
   RETROK_BACKQUOTE      = 96,
   RETROK_a              = 97,
   RETROK_b              = 98,
   RETROK_c              = 99,
   RETROK_d              = 100,
   RETROK_e              = 101,
   RETROK_f              = 102,
   RETROK_g              = 103,
   RETROK_h              = 104,
   RETROK_i              = 105,
   RETROK_j              = 106,
   RETROK_k              = 107,
   RETROK_l              = 108,
   RETROK_m              = 109,
   RETROK_n              = 110,
   RETROK_o              = 111,
   RETROK_p              = 112,
   RETROK_q              = 113,
   RETROK_r              = 114,
   RETROK_s              = 115,
   RETROK_t              = 116,
   RETROK_u              = 117,
   RETROK_v              = 118,
   RETROK_w              = 119,
   RETROK_x              = 120,
   RETROK_y              = 121,
   RETROK_z              = 122,
   RETROK_DELETE         = 127,

   RETROK_KP0            = 256,
   RETROK_KP1            = 257,
   RETROK_KP2            = 258,
   RETROK_KP3            = 259,
   RETROK_KP4            = 260,
   RETROK_KP5            = 261,
   RETROK_KP6            = 262,
   RETROK_KP7            = 263,
   RETROK_KP8            = 264,
   RETROK_KP9            = 265,
   RETROK_KP_PERIOD      = 266,
   RETROK_KP_DIVIDE      = 267,
   RETROK_KP_MULTIPLY    = 268,
   RETROK_KP_MINUS       = 269,
   RETROK_KP_PLUS        = 270,
   RETROK_KP_ENTER       = 271,
   RETROK_KP_EQUALS      = 272,

   RETROK_UP             = 273,
   RETROK_DOWN           = 274,
   RETROK_RIGHT          = 275,
   RETROK_LEFT           = 276,
   RETROK_INSERT         = 277,
   RETROK_HOME           = 278,
   RETROK_END            = 279,
   RETROK_PAGEUP         = 280,
   RETROK_PAGEDOWN       = 281,

   RETROK_F1             = 282,
   RETROK_F2             = 283,
   RETROK_F3             = 284,
   RETROK_F4             = 285,
   RETROK_F5             = 286,
   RETROK_F6             = 287,
   RETROK_F7             = 288,
   RETROK_F8             = 289,
   RETROK_F9             = 290,
   RETROK_F10            = 291,
   RETROK_F11            = 292,
   RETROK_F12            = 293,
   RETROK_F13            = 294,
   RETROK_F14            = 295,
   RETROK_F15            = 296,

   RETROK_NUMLOCK        = 300,
   RETROK_CAPSLOCK       = 301,
   RETROK_SCROLLOCK      = 302,
   RETROK_RSHIFT         = 303,
   RETROK_LSHIFT         = 304,
   RETROK_RCTRL          = 305,
   RETROK_LCTRL          = 306,
   RETROK_RALT           = 307,
   RETROK_LALT           = 308,
   RETROK_RMETA          = 309,
   RETROK_LMETA          = 310,
   RETROK_LSUPER         = 311,
   RETROK_RSUPER         = 312,
   RETROK_MODE           = 313,
   RETROK_COMPOSE        = 314,

   RETROK_HELP           = 315,
   RETROK_PRINT          = 316,
   RETROK_SYSREQ         = 317,
   RETROK_BREAK          = 318,
   RETROK_MENU           = 319,
   RETROK_POWER          = 320,
   RETROK_EURO           = 321,
   RETROK_UNDO           = 322,

   RETROK_LAST,

   RETROK_DUMMY          = INT_MAX /* Ensure sizeof(enum) == sizeof(int) */
};

enum retro_mod
{
   RETROKMOD_NONE       = 0x0000,

   RETROKMOD_SHIFT      = 0x01,
   RETROKMOD_CTRL       = 0x02,
   RETROKMOD_ALT        = 0x04,
   RETROKMOD_META       = 0x08,

   RETROKMOD_NUMLOCK    = 0x10,
   RETROKMOD_CAPSLOCK   = 0x20,
   RETROKMOD_SCROLLOCK  = 0x40,

   RETROKMOD_DUMMY = INT_MAX /* Ensure sizeof(enum) == sizeof(int) */
};

/* If set, this call is not part of the public libretro API yet. It can 
 * change or be removed at any time. */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_EXPERIMENTAL 0x10000
/* Environment callback to be used internally in frontend. */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_PRIVATE 0x20000

/* Environment commands. */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_ROTATION  1  /* const unsigned * --
                                            * Sets screen rotation of graphics.
                                            * Is only implemented if rotation can be accelerated by hardware.
                                            * Valid values are 0, 1, 2, 3, which rotates screen by 0, 90, 180, 
                                            * 270 degrees counter-clockwise respectively.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_OVERSCAN  2  /* bool * --
                                            * Boolean value whether or not the implementation should use overscan, 
                                            * or crop away overscan.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_CAN_DUPE  3  /* bool * --
                                            * Boolean value whether or not frontend supports frame duping,
                                            * passing NULL to video frame callback.
                                            */

                                           /* Environ 4, 5 are no longer supported (GET_VARIABLE / SET_VARIABLES), 
                                            * and reserved to avoid possible ABI clash.
                                            */

#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_MESSAGE   6  /* const struct retro_message * --
                                            * Sets a message to be displayed in implementation-specific manner 
                                            * for a certain amount of 'frames'.
                                            * Should not be used for trivial messages, which should simply be 
                                            * logged via RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_LOG_INTERFACE (or as a 
                                            * fallback, stderr).
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SHUTDOWN      7  /* N/A (NULL) --
                                            * Requests the frontend to shutdown.
                                            * Should only be used if game has a specific
                                            * way to shutdown the game from a menu item or similar.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_PERFORMANCE_LEVEL 8
                                           /* const unsigned * --
                                            * Gives a hint to the frontend how demanding this implementation
                                            * is on a system. E.g. reporting a level of 2 means
                                            * this implementation should run decently on all frontends
                                            * of level 2 and up.
                                            *
                                            * It can be used by the frontend to potentially warn
                                            * about too demanding implementations.
                                            *
                                            * The levels are "floating".
                                            *
                                            * This function can be called on a per-game basis,
                                            * as certain games an implementation can play might be
                                            * particularly demanding.
                                            * If called, it should be called in retro_load_game().
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_SYSTEM_DIRECTORY 9
                                           /* const char ** --
                                            * Returns the "system" directory of the frontend.
                                            * This directory can be used to store system specific 
                                            * content such as BIOSes, configuration data, etc.
                                            * The returned value can be NULL.
                                            * If so, no such directory is defined,
                                            * and it's up to the implementation to find a suitable directory.
                                            *
                                            * NOTE: Some cores used this folder also for "save" data such as 
                                            * memory cards, etc, for lack of a better place to put it.
                                            * This is now discouraged, and if possible, cores should try to 
                                            * use the new GET_SAVE_DIRECTORY.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_PIXEL_FORMAT 10
                                           /* const enum retro_pixel_format * --
                                            * Sets the internal pixel format used by the implementation.
                                            * The default pixel format is RETRO_PIXEL_FORMAT_0RGB1555.
                                            * This pixel format however, is deprecated (see enum retro_pixel_format).
                                            * If the call returns false, the frontend does not support this pixel 
                                            * format.
                                            *
                                            * This function should be called inside retro_load_game() or 
                                            * retro_get_system_av_info().
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_INPUT_DESCRIPTORS 11
                                           /* const struct retro_input_descriptor * --
                                            * Sets an array of retro_input_descriptors.
                                            * It is up to the frontend to present this in a usable way.
                                            * The array is terminated by retro_input_descriptor::description 
                                            * being set to NULL.
                                            * This function can be called at any time, but it is recommended 
                                            * to call it as early as possible.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_KEYBOARD_CALLBACK 12
                                           /* const struct retro_keyboard_callback * --
                                            * Sets a callback function used to notify core about keyboard events.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_DISK_CONTROL_INTERFACE 13
                                           /* const struct retro_disk_control_callback * --
                                            * Sets an interface which frontend can use to eject and insert 
                                            * disk images.
                                            * This is used for games which consist of multiple images and 
                                            * must be manually swapped out by the user (e.g. PSX).
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_HW_RENDER 14
                                           /* struct retro_hw_render_callback * --
                                            * Sets an interface to let a libretro core render with 
                                            * hardware acceleration.
                                            * Should be called in retro_load_game().
                                            * If successful, libretro cores will be able to render to a 
                                            * frontend-provided framebuffer.
                                            * The size of this framebuffer will be at least as large as 
                                            * max_width/max_height provided in get_av_info().
                                            * If HW rendering is used, pass only RETRO_HW_FRAME_BUFFER_VALID or 
                                            * NULL to retro_video_refresh_t.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_VARIABLE 15
                                           /* struct retro_variable * --
                                            * Interface to acquire user-defined information from environment
                                            * that cannot feasibly be supported in a multi-system way.
                                            * 'key' should be set to a key which has already been set by 
                                            * SET_VARIABLES.
                                            * 'data' will be set to a value or NULL.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_VARIABLES 16
                                           /* const struct retro_variable * --
                                            * Allows an implementation to signal the environment
                                            * which variables it might want to check for later using 
                                            * GET_VARIABLE.
                                            * This allows the frontend to present these variables to 
                                            * a user dynamically.
                                            * This should be called as early as possible (ideally in 
                                            * retro_set_environment).
                                            *
                                            * 'data' points to an array of retro_variable structs 
                                            * terminated by a { NULL, NULL } element.
                                            * retro_variable::key should be namespaced to not collide 
                                            * with other implementations' keys. E.g. A core called 
                                            * 'foo' should use keys named as 'foo_option'.
                                            * retro_variable::value should contain a human readable 
                                            * description of the key as well as a '|' delimited list 
                                            * of expected values.
                                            *
                                            * The number of possible options should be very limited, 
                                            * i.e. it should be feasible to cycle through options 
                                            * without a keyboard.
                                            *
                                            * First entry should be treated as a default.
                                            *
                                            * Example entry:
                                            * { "foo_option", "Speed hack coprocessor X; false|true" }
                                            *
                                            * Text before first ';' is description. This ';' must be 
                                            * followed by a space, and followed by a list of possible 
                                            * values split up with '|'.
                                            *
                                            * Only strings are operated on. The possible values will 
                                            * generally be displayed and stored as-is by the frontend.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_VARIABLE_UPDATE 17
                                           /* bool * --
                                            * Result is set to true if some variables are updated by
                                            * frontend since last call to RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_VARIABLE.
                                            * Variables should be queried with GET_VARIABLE.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_SUPPORT_NO_GAME 18
                                           /* const bool * --
                                            * If true, the libretro implementation supports calls to 
                                            * retro_load_game() with NULL as argument.
                                            * Used by cores which can run without particular game data.
                                            * This should be called within retro_set_environment() only.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_LIBRETRO_PATH 19
                                           /* const char ** --
                                            * Retrieves the absolute path from where this libretro 
                                            * implementation was loaded.
                                            * NULL is returned if the libretro was loaded statically 
                                            * (i.e. linked statically to frontend), or if the path cannot be 
                                            * determined.
                                            * Mostly useful in cooperation with SET_SUPPORT_NO_GAME as assets can 
                                            * be loaded without ugly hacks.
                                            */
                                           
                                           /* Environment 20 was an obsolete version of SET_AUDIO_CALLBACK. 
                                            * It was not used by any known core at the time,
                                            * and was removed from the API. */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_AUDIO_CALLBACK 22
                                           /* const struct retro_audio_callback * --
                                            * Sets an interface which is used to notify a libretro core about audio 
                                            * being available for writing.
                                            * The callback can be called from any thread, so a core using this must 
                                            * have a thread safe audio implementation.
                                            * It is intended for games where audio and video are completely 
                                            * asynchronous and audio can be generated on the fly.
                                            * This interface is not recommended for use with emulators which have 
                                            * highly synchronous audio.
                                            *
                                            * The callback only notifies about writability; the libretro core still 
                                            * has to call the normal audio callbacks
                                            * to write audio. The audio callbacks must be called from within the 
                                            * notification callback.
                                            * The amount of audio data to write is up to the implementation.
                                            * Generally, the audio callback will be called continously in a loop.
                                            *
                                            * Due to thread safety guarantees and lack of sync between audio and 
                                            * video, a frontend  can selectively disallow this interface based on 
                                            * internal configuration. A core using this interface must also 
                                            * implement the "normal" audio interface.
                                            *
                                            * A libretro core using SET_AUDIO_CALLBACK should also make use of 
                                            * SET_FRAME_TIME_CALLBACK.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_FRAME_TIME_CALLBACK 21
                                           /* const struct retro_frame_time_callback * --
                                            * Lets the core know how much time has passed since last 
                                            * invocation of retro_run().
                                            * The frontend can tamper with the timing to fake fast-forward, 
                                            * slow-motion, frame stepping, etc.
                                            * In this case the delta time will use the reference value 
                                            * in frame_time_callback..
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_RUMBLE_INTERFACE 23
                                           /* struct retro_rumble_interface * --
                                            * Gets an interface which is used by a libretro core to set 
                                            * state of rumble motors in controllers.
                                            * A strong and weak motor is supported, and they can be 
                                            * controlled indepedently.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_INPUT_DEVICE_CAPABILITIES 24
                                           /* uint64_t * --
                                            * Gets a bitmask telling which device type are expected to be 
                                            * handled properly in a call to retro_input_state_t.
                                            * Devices which are not handled or recognized always return 
                                            * 0 in retro_input_state_t.
                                            * Example bitmask: caps = (1 << RETRO_DEVICE_JOYPAD) | (1 << RETRO_DEVICE_ANALOG).
                                            * Should only be called in retro_run().
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_SENSOR_INTERFACE (25 | RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_EXPERIMENTAL)
                                           /* struct retro_sensor_interface * --
                                            * Gets access to the sensor interface.
                                            * The purpose of this interface is to allow
                                            * setting state related to sensors such as polling rate, 
                                            * enabling/disable it entirely, etc.
                                            * Reading sensor state is done via the normal 
                                            * input_state_callback API.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_CAMERA_INTERFACE (26 | RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_EXPERIMENTAL)
                                           /* struct retro_camera_callback * --
                                            * Gets an interface to a video camera driver.
                                            * A libretro core can use this interface to get access to a 
                                            * video camera.
                                            * New video frames are delivered in a callback in same 
                                            * thread as retro_run().
                                            *
                                            * GET_CAMERA_INTERFACE should be called in retro_load_game().
                                            *
                                            * Depending on the camera implementation used, camera frames 
                                            * will be delivered as a raw framebuffer,
                                            * or as an OpenGL texture directly.
                                            *
                                            * The core has to tell the frontend here which types of 
                                            * buffers can be handled properly.
                                            * An OpenGL texture can only be handled when using a 
                                            * libretro GL core (SET_HW_RENDER).
                                            * It is recommended to use a libretro GL core when 
                                            * using camera interface.
                                            *
                                            * The camera is not started automatically. The retrieved start/stop 
                                            * functions must be used to explicitly
                                            * start and stop the camera driver.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_LOG_INTERFACE 27
                                           /* struct retro_log_callback * --
                                            * Gets an interface for logging. This is useful for 
                                            * logging in a cross-platform way
                                            * as certain platforms cannot use use stderr for logging. 
                                            * It also allows the frontend to
                                            * show logging information in a more suitable way.
                                            * If this interface is not used, libretro cores should 
                                            * log to stderr as desired.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_PERF_INTERFACE 28
                                           /* struct retro_perf_callback * --
                                            * Gets an interface for performance counters. This is useful 
                                            * for performance logging in a cross-platform way and for detecting 
                                            * architecture-specific features, such as SIMD support.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_LOCATION_INTERFACE 29
                                           /* struct retro_location_callback * --
                                            * Gets access to the location interface.
                                            * The purpose of this interface is to be able to retrieve 
                                            * location-based information from the host device,
                                            * such as current latitude / longitude.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_CONTENT_DIRECTORY 30 /* Old name, kept for compatibility. */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_CORE_ASSETS_DIRECTORY 30
                                           /* const char ** --
                                            * Returns the "core assets" directory of the frontend.
                                            * This directory can be used to store specific assets that the 
                                            * core relies upon, such as art assets,
                                            * input data, etc etc.
                                            * The returned value can be NULL.
                                            * If so, no such directory is defined,
                                            * and it's up to the implementation to find a suitable directory.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_SAVE_DIRECTORY 31
                                           /* const char ** --
                                            * Returns the "save" directory of the frontend.
                                            * This directory can be used to store SRAM, memory cards, 
                                            * high scores, etc, if the libretro core
                                            * cannot use the regular memory interface (retro_get_memory_data()).
                                            *
                                            * NOTE: libretro cores used to check GET_SYSTEM_DIRECTORY for 
                                            * similar things before.
                                            * They should still check GET_SYSTEM_DIRECTORY if they want to 
                                            * be backwards compatible.
                                            * The path here can be NULL. It should only be non-NULL if the 
                                            * frontend user has set a specific save path.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_SYSTEM_AV_INFO 32
                                           /* const struct retro_system_av_info * --
                                            * Sets a new av_info structure. This can only be called from 
                                            * within retro_run().
                                            * This should *only* be used if the core is completely altering the 
                                            * internal resolutions, aspect ratios, timings, sampling rate, etc.
                                            * Calling this can require a full reinitialization of video/audio 
                                            * drivers in the frontend,
                                            *
                                            * so it is important to call it very sparingly, and usually only with 
                                            * the users explicit consent.
                                            * An eventual driver reinitialize will happen so that video and 
                                            * audio callbacks
                                            * happening after this call within the same retro_run() call will 
                                            * target the newly initialized driver.
                                            *
                                            * This callback makes it possible to support configurable resolutions 
                                            * in games, which can be useful to
                                            * avoid setting the "worst case" in max_width/max_height.
                                            *
                                            * ***HIGHLY RECOMMENDED*** Do not call this callback every time 
                                            * resolution changes in an emulator core if it's
                                            * expected to be a temporary change, for the reasons of possible 
                                            * driver reinitialization.
                                            * This call is not a free pass for not trying to provide 
                                            * correct values in retro_get_system_av_info(). If you need to change 
                                            * things like aspect ratio or nominal width/height, 
                                            * use RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_GEOMETRY, which is a softer variant 
                                            * of SET_SYSTEM_AV_INFO.
                                            *
                                            * If this returns false, the frontend does not acknowledge a 
                                            * changed av_info struct.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_PROC_ADDRESS_CALLBACK 33
                                           /* const struct retro_get_proc_address_interface * --
                                            * Allows a libretro core to announce support for the 
                                            * get_proc_address() interface.
                                            * This interface allows for a standard way to extend libretro where 
                                            * use of environment calls are too indirect,
                                            * e.g. for cases where the frontend wants to call directly into the core.
                                            *
                                            * If a core wants to expose this interface, SET_PROC_ADDRESS_CALLBACK 
                                            * **MUST** be called from within retro_set_environment().
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_SUBSYSTEM_INFO 34
                                           /* const struct retro_subsystem_info * --
                                            * This environment call introduces the concept of libretro "subsystems".
                                            * A subsystem is a variant of a libretro core which supports 
                                            * different kinds of games.
                                            * The purpose of this is to support e.g. emulators which might 
                                            * have special needs, e.g. Super Nintendo's Super GameBoy, Sufami Turbo.
                                            * It can also be used to pick among subsystems in an explicit way 
                                            * if the libretro implementation is a multi-system emulator itself.
                                            *
                                            * Loading a game via a subsystem is done with retro_load_game_special(),
                                            * and this environment call allows a libretro core to expose which 
                                            * subsystems are supported for use with retro_load_game_special().
                                            * A core passes an array of retro_game_special_info which is terminated 
                                            * with a zeroed out retro_game_special_info struct.
                                            *
                                            * If a core wants to use this functionality, SET_SUBSYSTEM_INFO
                                            * **MUST** be called from within retro_set_environment().
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_CONTROLLER_INFO 35
                                           /* const struct retro_controller_info * --
                                            * This environment call lets a libretro core tell the frontend 
                                            * which controller types are recognized in calls to 
                                            * retro_set_controller_port_device().
                                            *
                                            * Some emulators such as Super Nintendo
                                            * support multiple lightgun types which must be specifically 
                                            * selected from.
                                            * It is therefore sometimes necessary for a frontend to be able 
                                            * to tell the core about a special kind of input device which is 
                                            * not covered by the libretro input API.
                                            *
                                            * In order for a frontend to understand the workings of an input device,
                                            * it must be a specialized type
                                            * of the generic device types already defined in the libretro API.
                                            *
                                            * Which devices are supported can vary per input port.
                                            * The core must pass an array of const struct retro_controller_info which 
                                            * is terminated with a blanked out struct. Each element of the struct 
                                            * corresponds to an ascending port index to 
                                            * retro_set_controller_port_device().
                                            * Even if special device types are set in the libretro core, 
                                            * libretro should only poll input based on the base input device types.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_MEMORY_MAPS (36 | RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_EXPERIMENTAL)
                                           /* const struct retro_memory_map * --
                                            * This environment call lets a libretro core tell the frontend 
                                            * about the memory maps this core emulates.
                                            * This can be used to implement, for example, cheats in a core-agnostic way.
                                            *
                                            * Should only be used by emulators; it doesn't make much sense for 
                                            * anything else.
                                            * It is recommended to expose all relevant pointers through 
                                            * retro_get_memory_* as well.
                                            *
                                            * Can be called from retro_init and retro_load_game.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_GEOMETRY 37
                                           /* const struct retro_game_geometry * --
                                            * This environment call is similar to SET_SYSTEM_AV_INFO for changing 
                                            * video parameters, but provides a guarantee that drivers will not be 
                                            * reinitialized.
                                            * This can only be called from within retro_run().
                                            *
                                            * The purpose of this call is to allow a core to alter nominal 
                                            * width/heights as well as aspect ratios on-the-fly, which can be 
                                            * useful for some emulators to change in run-time.
                                            *
                                            * max_width/max_height arguments are ignored and cannot be changed
                                            * with this call as this could potentially require a reinitialization or a 
                                            * non-constant time operation.
                                            * If max_width/max_height are to be changed, SET_SYSTEM_AV_INFO is required.
                                            *
                                            * A frontend must guarantee that this environment call completes in 
                                            * constant time.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_USERNAME 38 
                                           /* const char **
                                            * Returns the specified username of the frontend, if specified by the user.
                                            * This username can be used as a nickname for a core that has online facilities 
                                            * or any other mode where personalization of the user is desirable.
                                            * The returned value can be NULL.
                                            * If this environ callback is used by a core that requires a valid username, 
                                            * a default username should be specified by the core.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_LANGUAGE 39
                                           /* unsigned * --
                                            * Returns the specified language of the frontend, if specified by the user.
                                            * It can be used by the core for localization purposes.
                                            */
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_CURRENT_SOFTWARE_FRAMEBUFFER (40 | RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_EXPERIMENTAL)
                                           /* struct retro_framebuffer * --
                                            * Returns a preallocated framebuffer which the core can use for rendering
                                            * the frame into when not using SET_HW_RENDER.
                                            * The framebuffer returned from this call must not be used
                                            * after the current call to retro_run() returns.
                                            *
                                            * The goal of this call is to allow zero-copy behavior where a core
                                            * can render directly into video memory, avoiding extra bandwidth cost by copying
                                            * memory from core to video memory.
                                            *
                                            * If this call succeeds and the core renders into it,
                                            * the framebuffer pointer and pitch can be passed to retro_video_refresh_t.
                                            * If the buffer from GET_CURRENT_SOFTWARE_FRAMEBUFFER is to be used,
                                            * the core must pass the exact
                                            * same pointer as returned by GET_CURRENT_SOFTWARE_FRAMEBUFFER;
                                            * i.e. passing a pointer which is offset from the
                                            * buffer is undefined. The width, height and pitch parameters
                                            * must also match exactly to the values obtained from GET_CURRENT_SOFTWARE_FRAMEBUFFER.
                                            *
                                            * It is possible for a frontend to return a different pixel format
                                            * than the one used in SET_PIXEL_FORMAT. This can happen if the frontend
                                            * needs to perform conversion.
                                            *
                                            * It is still valid for a core to render to a different buffer
                                            * even if GET_CURRENT_SOFTWARE_FRAMEBUFFER succeeds.
                                            *
                                            * A frontend must make sure that the pointer obtained from this function is
                                            * writeable (and readable).
                                            */

enum retro_hw_render_interface_type
{
   RETRO_HW_RENDER_INTERFACE_VULKAN = 0,
   RETRO_HW_RENDER_INTERFACE_DUMMY = INT_MAX
};

/* Base struct. All retro_hw_render_interface_* types
 * contain at least these fields. */
struct retro_hw_render_interface
{
   enum retro_hw_render_interface_type interface_type;
   unsigned interface_version;
};
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_HW_RENDER_INTERFACE (41 | RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_EXPERIMENTAL)
                                           /* const struct retro_hw_render_interface ** --
                                            * Returns an API specific rendering interface for accessing API specific data.
                                            * Not all HW rendering APIs support or need this.
                                            * The contents of the returned pointer is specific to the rendering API
                                            * being used. See the various headers like libretro_vulkan.h, etc.
                                            *
                                            * GET_HW_RENDER_INTERFACE cannot be called before context_reset has been called.
                                            * Similarly, after context_destroyed callback returns,
                                            * the contents of the HW_RENDER_INTERFACE are invalidated.
                                            */

#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_SUPPORT_ACHIEVEMENTS (42 | RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_EXPERIMENTAL)
                                           /* const bool * --
                                            * If true, the libretro implementation supports achievements
                                            * either via memory descriptors set with RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_MEMORY_MAPS
                                            * or via retro_get_memory_data/retro_get_memory_size.
                                            *
                                            * This must be called before the first call to retro_run.
                                            */

enum retro_hw_render_context_negotiation_interface_type
{
   RETRO_HW_RENDER_CONTEXT_NEGOTIATION_INTERFACE_VULKAN = 0,
   RETRO_HW_RENDER_CONTEXT_NEGOTIATION_INTERFACE_DUMMY = INT_MAX
};

/* Base struct. All retro_hw_render_context_negotiation_interface_* types
 * contain at least these fields. */
struct retro_hw_render_context_negotiation_interface
{
   enum retro_hw_render_context_negotiation_interface_type interface_type;
   unsigned interface_version;
};
#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_HW_RENDER_CONTEXT_NEGOTIATION_INTERFACE (43 | RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_EXPERIMENTAL)
                                           /* const struct retro_hw_render_context_negotiation_interface * --
                                            * Sets an interface which lets the libretro core negotiate with frontend how a context is created.
                                            * The semantics of this interface depends on which API is used in SET_HW_RENDER earlier.
                                            * This interface will be used when the frontend is trying to create a HW rendering context,
                                            * so it will be used after SET_HW_RENDER, but before the context_reset callback.
                                            */

/* Serialized state is incomplete in some way. Set if serialization is
 * usable in typical end-user cases but should not be relied upon to
 * implement frame-sensitive frontend features such as netplay or
 * rerecording. */
#define RETRO_SERIALIZATION_QUIRK_INCOMPLETE (1 << 0)
/* The core must spend some time initializing before serialization is
 * supported. retro_serialize() will initially fail; retro_unserialize()
 * and retro_serialize_size() may or may not work correctly either. */
#define RETRO_SERIALIZATION_QUIRK_MUST_INITIALIZE (1 << 1)
/* Serialization size may change within a session. */
#define RETRO_SERIALIZATION_QUIRK_CORE_VARIABLE_SIZE (1 << 2)
/* Set by the frontend to acknowledge that it supports variable-sized
 * states. */
#define RETRO_SERIALIZATION_QUIRK_FRONT_VARIABLE_SIZE (1 << 3)
/* Serialized state can only be loaded during the same session. */
#define RETRO_SERIALIZATION_QUIRK_SINGLE_SESSION (1 << 4)
/* Serialized state cannot be loaded on an architecture with a different
 * endianness from the one it was saved on. */
#define RETRO_SERIALIZATION_QUIRK_ENDIAN_DEPENDENT (1 << 5)
/* Serialized state cannot be loaded on a different platform from the one it
 * was saved on for reasons other than endianness, such as word size
 * dependence */
#define RETRO_SERIALIZATION_QUIRK_PLATFORM_DEPENDENT (1 << 6)

#define RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_SERIALIZATION_QUIRKS 44
                                           /* uint64_t * --
                                            * Sets quirk flags associated with serialization. The frontend will zero any flags it doesn't
                                            * recognize or support. Should be set in either retro_init or retro_load_game, but not both.
                                            */


#define RETRO_MEMDESC_CONST     (1 << 0)   /* The frontend will never change this memory area once retro_load_game has returned. */
#define RETRO_MEMDESC_BIGENDIAN (1 << 1)   /* The memory area contains big endian data. Default is little endian. */
#define RETRO_MEMDESC_ALIGN_2   (1 << 16)  /* All memory access in this area is aligned to their own size, or 2, whichever is smaller. */
#define RETRO_MEMDESC_ALIGN_4   (2 << 16)
#define RETRO_MEMDESC_ALIGN_8   (3 << 16)
#define RETRO_MEMDESC_MINSIZE_2 (1 << 24)  /* All memory in this region is accessed at least 2 bytes at the time. */
#define RETRO_MEMDESC_MINSIZE_4 (2 << 24)
#define RETRO_MEMDESC_MINSIZE_8 (3 << 24)
struct retro_memory_descriptor
{
   uint64_t flags;

   /* Pointer to the start of the relevant ROM or RAM chip.
    * It's strongly recommended to use 'offset' if possible, rather than 
    * doing math on the pointer.
    *
    * If the same byte is mapped my multiple descriptors, their descriptors 
    * must have the same pointer.
    * If 'start' does not point to the first byte in the pointer, put the 
    * difference in 'offset' instead.
    *
    * May be NULL if there's nothing usable here (e.g. hardware registers and 
    * open bus). No flags should be set if the pointer is NULL.
    * It's recommended to minimize the number of descriptors if possible,
    * but not mandatory. */
   void *ptr;
   size_t offset;

   /* This is the location in the emulated address space 
    * where the mapping starts. */
   size_t start;

   /* Which bits must be same as in 'start' for this mapping to apply.
    * The first memory descriptor to claim a certain byte is the one 
    * that applies.
    * A bit which is set in 'start' must also be set in this.
    * Can be zero, in which case each byte is assumed mapped exactly once. 
    * In this case, 'len' must be a power of two. */
   size_t select;

   /* If this is nonzero, the set bits are assumed not connected to the 
    * memory chip's address pins. */
   size_t disconnect;

   /* This one tells the size of the current memory area.
    * If, after start+disconnect are applied, the address is higher than 
    * this, the highest bit of the address is cleared.
    *
    * If the address is still too high, the next highest bit is cleared.
    * Can be zero, in which case it's assumed to be infinite (as limited 
    * by 'select' and 'disconnect'). */
   size_t len;

   /* To go from emulated address to physical address, the following 
    * order applies:
    * Subtract 'start', pick off 'disconnect', apply 'len', add 'offset'. */

   /* The address space name must consist of only a-zA-Z0-9_-, 
    * should be as short as feasible (maximum length is 8 plus the NUL),
    * and may not be any other address space plus one or more 0-9A-F 
    * at the end.
    * However, multiple memory descriptors for the same address space is 
    * allowed, and the address space name can be empty. NULL is treated 
    * as empty.
    *
    * Address space names are case sensitive, but avoid lowercase if possible.
    * The same pointer may exist in multiple address spaces.
    *
    * Examples:
    * blank+blank - valid (multiple things may be mapped in the same namespace)
    * 'Sp'+'Sp' - valid (multiple things may be mapped in the same namespace)
    * 'A'+'B' - valid (neither is a prefix of each other)
    * 'S'+blank - valid ('S' is not in 0-9A-F)
    * 'a'+blank - valid ('a' is not in 0-9A-F)
    * 'a'+'A' - valid (neither is a prefix of each other)
    * 'AR'+blank - valid ('R' is not in 0-9A-F)
    * 'ARB'+blank - valid (the B can't be part of the address either, because 
    *                      there is no namespace 'AR')
    * blank+'B' - not valid, because it's ambigous which address space B1234 
    *             would refer to.
    * The length can't be used for that purpose; the frontend may want 
    * to append arbitrary data to an address, without a separator. */
   const char *addrspace;

   /* TODO: When finalizing this one, add a description field, which should be
    * "WRAM" or something roughly equally long. */

   /* TODO: When finalizing this one, replace 'select' with 'limit', which tells
    * which bits can vary and still refer to the same address (limit = ~select).
    * TODO: limit? range? vary? something else? */

   /* TODO: When finalizing this one, if 'len' is above what 'select' (or
    * 'limit') allows, it's bankswitched. Bankswitched data must have both 'len'
    * and 'select' != 0, and the mappings don't tell how the system switches the
    * banks. */

   /* TODO: When finalizing this one, fix the 'len' bit removal order.
    * For len=0x1800, pointer 0x1C00 should go to 0x1400, not 0x0C00.
    * Algorithm: Take bits highest to lowest, but if it goes above len, clear
    * the most recent addition and continue on the next bit.
    * TODO: Can the above be optimized? Is "remove the lowest bit set in both
    * pointer and 'len'" equivalent? */
   
   /* TODO: Some emulators (MAME?) emulate big endian systems by only accessing
    * the emulated memory in 32-bit chunks, native endian. But that's nothing
    * compared to Darek Mihocka <http://www.emulators.com/docs/nx07_vm101.htm>
    * (section Emulation 103 - Nearly Free Byte Reversal) - he flips the ENTIRE
    * RAM backwards! I'll want to represent both of those, via some flags.
    * 
    * I suspect MAME either didn't think of that idea, or don't want the #ifdef.
    * Not sure which, nor do I really care. */
   
   /* TODO: Some of those flags are unused and/or don't really make sense. Clean
    * them up. */
};

/* The frontend may use the largest value of 'start'+'select' in a 
 * certain namespace to infer the size of the address space.
 *
 * If the address space is larger than that, a mapping with .ptr=NULL 
 * should be at the end of the array, with .select set to all ones for 
 * as long as the address space is big.
 *
 * Sample descriptors (minus .ptr, and RETRO_MEMFLAG_ on the flags):
 * SNES WRAM:
 * .start=0x7E0000, .len=0x20000
 * (Note that this must be mapped before the ROM in most cases; some of the 
 * ROM mappers 
 * try to claim $7E0000, or at least $7E8000.)
 * SNES SPC700 RAM:
 * .addrspace="S", .len=0x10000
 * SNES WRAM mirrors:
 * .flags=MIRROR, .start=0x000000, .select=0xC0E000, .len=0x2000
 * .flags=MIRROR, .start=0x800000, .select=0xC0E000, .len=0x2000
 * SNES WRAM mirrors, alternate equivalent descriptor:
 * .flags=MIRROR, .select=0x40E000, .disconnect=~0x1FFF
 * (Various similar constructions can be created by combining parts of 
 * the above two.)
 * SNES LoROM (512KB, mirrored a couple of times):
 * .flags=CONST, .start=0x008000, .select=0x408000, .disconnect=0x8000, .len=512*1024
 * .flags=CONST, .start=0x400000, .select=0x400000, .disconnect=0x8000, .len=512*1024
 * SNES HiROM (4MB):
 * .flags=CONST,                 .start=0x400000, .select=0x400000, .len=4*1024*1024
 * .flags=CONST, .offset=0x8000, .start=0x008000, .select=0x408000, .len=4*1024*1024
 * SNES ExHiROM (8MB):
 * .flags=CONST, .offset=0,                  .start=0xC00000, .select=0xC00000, .len=4*1024*1024
 * .flags=CONST, .offset=4*1024*1024,        .start=0x400000, .select=0xC00000, .len=4*1024*1024
 * .flags=CONST, .offset=0x8000,             .start=0x808000, .select=0xC08000, .len=4*1024*1024
 * .flags=CONST, .offset=4*1024*1024+0x8000, .start=0x008000, .select=0xC08000, .len=4*1024*1024
 * Clarify the size of the address space:
 * .ptr=NULL, .select=0xFFFFFF
 * .len can be implied by .select in many of them, but was included for clarity.
 */

struct retro_memory_map
{
   const struct retro_memory_descriptor *descriptors;
   unsigned num_descriptors;
};

struct retro_controller_description
{
   /* Human-readable description of the controller. Even if using a generic 
    * input device type, this can be set to the particular device type the 
    * core uses. */
   const char *desc;

   /* Device type passed to retro_set_controller_port_device(). If the device 
    * type is a sub-class of a generic input device type, use the 
    * RETRO_DEVICE_SUBCLASS macro to create an ID.
    *
    * E.g. RETRO_DEVICE_SUBCLASS(RETRO_DEVICE_JOYPAD, 1). */
   unsigned id;
};

struct retro_controller_info
{
   const struct retro_controller_description *types;
   unsigned num_types;
};

struct retro_subsystem_memory_info
{
   /* The extension associated with a memory type, e.g. "psram". */
   const char *extension;

   /* The memory type for retro_get_memory(). This should be at 
    * least 0x100 to avoid conflict with standardized 
    * libretro memory types. */
   unsigned type;
};

struct retro_subsystem_rom_info
{
   /* Describes what the content is (SGB BIOS, GB ROM, etc). */
   const char *desc;

   /* Same definition as retro_get_system_info(). */
   const char *valid_extensions;

   /* Same definition as retro_get_system_info(). */
   bool need_fullpath;

   /* Same definition as retro_get_system_info(). */
   bool block_extract;

   /* This is set if the content is required to load a game. 
    * If this is set to false, a zeroed-out retro_game_info can be passed. */
   bool required;

   /* Content can have multiple associated persistent 
    * memory types (retro_get_memory()). */
   const struct retro_subsystem_memory_info *memory;
   unsigned num_memory;
};

struct retro_subsystem_info
{
   /* Human-readable string of the subsystem type, e.g. "Super GameBoy" */
   const char *desc;

   /* A computer friendly short string identifier for the subsystem type.
    * This name must be [a-z].
    * E.g. if desc is "Super GameBoy", this can be "sgb".
    * This identifier can be used for command-line interfaces, etc.
    */
   const char *ident;

   /* Infos for each content file. The first entry is assumed to be the 
    * "most significant" content for frontend purposes.
    * E.g. with Super GameBoy, the first content should be the GameBoy ROM, 
    * as it is the most "significant" content to a user.
    * If a frontend creates new file paths based on the content used 
    * (e.g. savestates), it should use the path for the first ROM to do so. */
   const struct retro_subsystem_rom_info *roms;

   /* Number of content files associated with a subsystem. */
   unsigned num_roms;
   
   /* The type passed to retro_load_game_special(). */
   unsigned id;
};

typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_proc_address_t)(void);

/* libretro API extension functions:
 * (None here so far).
 *
 * Get a symbol from a libretro core.
 * Cores should only return symbols which are actual 
 * extensions to the libretro API.
 *
 * Frontends should not use this to obtain symbols to standard 
 * libretro entry points (static linking or dlsym).
 *
 * The symbol name must be equal to the function name, 
 * e.g. if void retro_foo(void); exists, the symbol must be called "retro_foo".
 * The returned function pointer must be cast to the corresponding type.
 */
typedef retro_proc_address_t (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_get_proc_address_t)(const char *sym);

struct retro_get_proc_address_interface
{
   retro_get_proc_address_t get_proc_address;
};

enum retro_log_level
{
   RETRO_LOG_DEBUG = 0,
   RETRO_LOG_INFO,
   RETRO_LOG_WARN,
   RETRO_LOG_ERROR,

   RETRO_LOG_DUMMY = INT_MAX
};

/* Logging function. Takes log level argument as well. */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_log_printf_t)(enum retro_log_level level,
      const char *fmt, ...);

struct retro_log_callback
{
   retro_log_printf_t log;
};

/* Performance related functions */

/* ID values for SIMD CPU features */
#define RETRO_SIMD_SSE      (1 << 0)
#define RETRO_SIMD_SSE2     (1 << 1)
#define RETRO_SIMD_VMX      (1 << 2)
#define RETRO_SIMD_VMX128   (1 << 3)
#define RETRO_SIMD_AVX      (1 << 4)
#define RETRO_SIMD_NEON     (1 << 5)
#define RETRO_SIMD_SSE3     (1 << 6)
#define RETRO_SIMD_SSSE3    (1 << 7)
#define RETRO_SIMD_MMX      (1 << 8)
#define RETRO_SIMD_MMXEXT   (1 << 9)
#define RETRO_SIMD_SSE4     (1 << 10)
#define RETRO_SIMD_SSE42    (1 << 11)
#define RETRO_SIMD_AVX2     (1 << 12)
#define RETRO_SIMD_VFPU     (1 << 13)
#define RETRO_SIMD_PS       (1 << 14)
#define RETRO_SIMD_AES      (1 << 15)
#define RETRO_SIMD_VFPV3    (1 << 16)
#define RETRO_SIMD_VFPV4    (1 << 17)
#define RETRO_SIMD_POPCNT   (1 << 18)
#define RETRO_SIMD_MOVBE    (1 << 19)
#define RETRO_SIMD_CMOV     (1 << 20)
#define RETRO_SIMD_ASIMD    (1 << 21)

typedef uint64_t retro_perf_tick_t;
typedef int64_t retro_time_t;

struct retro_perf_counter
{
   const char *ident;
   retro_perf_tick_t start;
   retro_perf_tick_t total;
   retro_perf_tick_t call_cnt;

   bool registered;
};

/* Returns current time in microseconds.
 * Tries to use the most accurate timer available.
 */
typedef retro_time_t (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_perf_get_time_usec_t)(void);

/* A simple counter. Usually nanoseconds, but can also be CPU cycles.
 * Can be used directly if desired (when creating a more sophisticated 
 * performance counter system).
 * */
typedef retro_perf_tick_t (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_perf_get_counter_t)(void);

/* Returns a bit-mask of detected CPU features (RETRO_SIMD_*). */
typedef uint64_t (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_get_cpu_features_t)(void);

/* Asks frontend to log and/or display the state of performance counters.
 * Performance counters can always be poked into manually as well.
 */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_perf_log_t)(void);

/* Register a performance counter.
 * ident field must be set with a discrete value and other values in 
 * retro_perf_counter must be 0.
 * Registering can be called multiple times. To avoid calling to 
 * frontend redundantly, you can check registered field first. */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_perf_register_t)(struct retro_perf_counter *counter);

/* Starts a registered counter. */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_perf_start_t)(struct retro_perf_counter *counter);

/* Stops a registered counter. */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_perf_stop_t)(struct retro_perf_counter *counter);

/* For convenience it can be useful to wrap register, start and stop in macros.
 * E.g.:
 * #ifdef LOG_PERFORMANCE
 * #define RETRO_PERFORMANCE_INIT(perf_cb, name) static struct retro_perf_counter name = {#name}; if (!name.registered) perf_cb.perf_register(&(name))
 * #define RETRO_PERFORMANCE_START(perf_cb, name) perf_cb.perf_start(&(name))
 * #define RETRO_PERFORMANCE_STOP(perf_cb, name) perf_cb.perf_stop(&(name))
 * #else
 * ... Blank macros ...
 * #endif
 *
 * These can then be used mid-functions around code snippets.
 *
 * extern struct retro_perf_callback perf_cb;  * Somewhere in the core.
 *
 * void do_some_heavy_work(void)
 * {
 *    RETRO_PERFORMANCE_INIT(cb, work_1;
 *    RETRO_PERFORMANCE_START(cb, work_1);
 *    heavy_work_1();
 *    RETRO_PERFORMANCE_STOP(cb, work_1);
 *
 *    RETRO_PERFORMANCE_INIT(cb, work_2);
 *    RETRO_PERFORMANCE_START(cb, work_2);
 *    heavy_work_2();
 *    RETRO_PERFORMANCE_STOP(cb, work_2);
 * }
 *
 * void retro_deinit(void)
 * {
 *    perf_cb.perf_log();  * Log all perf counters here for example.
 * }
 */

struct retro_perf_callback
{
   retro_perf_get_time_usec_t    get_time_usec;
   retro_get_cpu_features_t      get_cpu_features;

   retro_perf_get_counter_t      get_perf_counter;
   retro_perf_register_t         perf_register;
   retro_perf_start_t            perf_start;
   retro_perf_stop_t             perf_stop;
   retro_perf_log_t              perf_log;
};

/* FIXME: Document the sensor API and work out behavior.
 * It will be marked as experimental until then.
 */
enum retro_sensor_action
{
   RETRO_SENSOR_ACCELEROMETER_ENABLE = 0,
   RETRO_SENSOR_ACCELEROMETER_DISABLE,

   RETRO_SENSOR_DUMMY = INT_MAX
};

/* Id values for SENSOR types. */
#define RETRO_SENSOR_ACCELEROMETER_X 0
#define RETRO_SENSOR_ACCELEROMETER_Y 1
#define RETRO_SENSOR_ACCELEROMETER_Z 2

typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_set_sensor_state_t)(unsigned port, 
      enum retro_sensor_action action, unsigned rate);

typedef float (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_sensor_get_input_t)(unsigned port, unsigned id);

struct retro_sensor_interface
{
   retro_set_sensor_state_t set_sensor_state;
   retro_sensor_get_input_t get_sensor_input;
};

enum retro_camera_buffer
{
   RETRO_CAMERA_BUFFER_OPENGL_TEXTURE = 0,
   RETRO_CAMERA_BUFFER_RAW_FRAMEBUFFER,

   RETRO_CAMERA_BUFFER_DUMMY = INT_MAX
};

/* Starts the camera driver. Can only be called in retro_run(). */
typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_camera_start_t)(void);

/* Stops the camera driver. Can only be called in retro_run(). */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_camera_stop_t)(void);

/* Callback which signals when the camera driver is initialized 
 * and/or deinitialized.
 * retro_camera_start_t can be called in initialized callback.
 */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_camera_lifetime_status_t)(void);

/* A callback for raw framebuffer data. buffer points to an XRGB8888 buffer.
 * Width, height and pitch are similar to retro_video_refresh_t.
 * First pixel is top-left origin.
 */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_camera_frame_raw_framebuffer_t)(const uint32_t *buffer, 
      unsigned width, unsigned height, size_t pitch);

/* A callback for when OpenGL textures are used.
 *
 * texture_id is a texture owned by camera driver.
 * Its state or content should be considered immutable, except for things like 
 * texture filtering and clamping.
 *
 * texture_target is the texture target for the GL texture.
 * These can include e.g. GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE, and possibly 
 * more depending on extensions.
 *
 * affine points to a packed 3x3 column-major matrix used to apply an affine 
 * transform to texture coordinates. (affine_matrix * vec3(coord_x, coord_y, 1.0))
 * After transform, normalized texture coord (0, 0) should be bottom-left 
 * and (1, 1) should be top-right (or (width, height) for RECTANGLE).
 *
 * GL-specific typedefs are avoided here to avoid relying on gl.h in 
 * the API definition.
 */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_camera_frame_opengl_texture_t)(unsigned texture_id, 
      unsigned texture_target, const float *affine);

struct retro_camera_callback
{
   /* Set by libretro core. 
    * Example bitmask: caps = (1 << RETRO_CAMERA_BUFFER_OPENGL_TEXTURE) | (1 << RETRO_CAMERA_BUFFER_RAW_FRAMEBUFFER).
    */
   uint64_t caps; 

   /* Desired resolution for camera. Is only used as a hint. */
   unsigned width;
   unsigned height;

   /* Set by frontend. */
   retro_camera_start_t start;
   retro_camera_stop_t stop;

   /* Set by libretro core if raw framebuffer callbacks will be used. */
   retro_camera_frame_raw_framebuffer_t frame_raw_framebuffer;

   /* Set by libretro core if OpenGL texture callbacks will be used. */
   retro_camera_frame_opengl_texture_t frame_opengl_texture; 

   /* Set by libretro core. Called after camera driver is initialized and 
    * ready to be started.
    * Can be NULL, in which this callback is not called.
    */
   retro_camera_lifetime_status_t initialized;

   /* Set by libretro core. Called right before camera driver is 
    * deinitialized.
    * Can be NULL, in which this callback is not called.
    */
   retro_camera_lifetime_status_t deinitialized;
};

/* Sets the interval of time and/or distance at which to update/poll 
 * location-based data.
 *
 * To ensure compatibility with all location-based implementations,
 * values for both interval_ms and interval_distance should be provided.
 *
 * interval_ms is the interval expressed in milliseconds.
 * interval_distance is the distance interval expressed in meters.
 */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_location_set_interval_t)(unsigned interval_ms,
      unsigned interval_distance);

/* Start location services. The device will start listening for changes to the
 * current location at regular intervals (which are defined with 
 * retro_location_set_interval_t). */
typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_location_start_t)(void);

/* Stop location services. The device will stop listening for changes 
 * to the current location. */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_location_stop_t)(void);

/* Get the position of the current location. Will set parameters to 
 * 0 if no new  location update has happened since the last time. */
typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_location_get_position_t)(double *lat, double *lon,
      double *horiz_accuracy, double *vert_accuracy);

/* Callback which signals when the location driver is initialized 
 * and/or deinitialized.
 * retro_location_start_t can be called in initialized callback.
 */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_location_lifetime_status_t)(void);

struct retro_location_callback
{
   retro_location_start_t         start;
   retro_location_stop_t          stop;
   retro_location_get_position_t  get_position;
   retro_location_set_interval_t  set_interval;

   retro_location_lifetime_status_t initialized;
   retro_location_lifetime_status_t deinitialized;
};

enum retro_rumble_effect
{
   RETRO_RUMBLE_STRONG = 0,
   RETRO_RUMBLE_WEAK = 1,

   RETRO_RUMBLE_DUMMY = INT_MAX
};

/* Sets rumble state for joypad plugged in port 'port'. 
 * Rumble effects are controlled independently,
 * and setting e.g. strong rumble does not override weak rumble.
 * Strength has a range of [0, 0xffff].
 *
 * Returns true if rumble state request was honored. 
 * Calling this before first retro_run() is likely to return false. */
typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_set_rumble_state_t)(unsigned port, 
      enum retro_rumble_effect effect, uint16_t strength);

struct retro_rumble_interface
{
   retro_set_rumble_state_t set_rumble_state;
};

/* Notifies libretro that audio data should be written. */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_audio_callback_t)(void);

/* True: Audio driver in frontend is active, and callback is 
 * expected to be called regularily.
 * False: Audio driver in frontend is paused or inactive. 
 * Audio callback will not be called until set_state has been 
 * called with true.
 * Initial state is false (inactive).
 */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_audio_set_state_callback_t)(bool enabled);

struct retro_audio_callback
{
   retro_audio_callback_t callback;
   retro_audio_set_state_callback_t set_state;
};

/* Notifies a libretro core of time spent since last invocation 
 * of retro_run() in microseconds.
 *
 * It will be called right before retro_run() every frame.
 * The frontend can tamper with timing to support cases like 
 * fast-forward, slow-motion and framestepping.
 *
 * In those scenarios the reference frame time value will be used. */
typedef int64_t retro_usec_t;
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_frame_time_callback_t)(retro_usec_t usec);
struct retro_frame_time_callback
{
   retro_frame_time_callback_t callback;
   /* Represents the time of one frame. It is computed as 
    * 1000000 / fps, but the implementation will resolve the 
    * rounding to ensure that framestepping, etc is exact. */
   retro_usec_t reference;
};

/* Pass this to retro_video_refresh_t if rendering to hardware.
 * Passing NULL to retro_video_refresh_t is still a frame dupe as normal.
 * */
#define RETRO_HW_FRAME_BUFFER_VALID ((void*)-1)

/* Invalidates the current HW context.
 * Any GL state is lost, and must not be deinitialized explicitly.
 * If explicit deinitialization is desired by the libretro core,
 * it should implement context_destroy callback.
 * If called, all GPU resources must be reinitialized.
 * Usually called when frontend reinits video driver.
 * Also called first time video driver is initialized, 
 * allowing libretro core to initialize resources.
 */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_hw_context_reset_t)(void);

/* Gets current framebuffer which is to be rendered to.
 * Could change every frame potentially.
 */
typedef uintptr_t (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_hw_get_current_framebuffer_t)(void);

/* Get a symbol from HW context. */
typedef retro_proc_address_t (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_hw_get_proc_address_t)(const char *sym);

enum retro_hw_context_type
{
   RETRO_HW_CONTEXT_NONE             = 0,
   /* OpenGL 2.x. Driver can choose to use latest compatibility context. */
   RETRO_HW_CONTEXT_OPENGL           = 1, 
   /* OpenGL ES 2.0. */
   RETRO_HW_CONTEXT_OPENGLES2        = 2,
   /* Modern desktop core GL context. Use version_major/
    * version_minor fields to set GL version. */
   RETRO_HW_CONTEXT_OPENGL_CORE      = 3,
   /* OpenGL ES 3.0 */
   RETRO_HW_CONTEXT_OPENGLES3        = 4,
   /* OpenGL ES 3.1+. Set version_major/version_minor. For GLES2 and GLES3,
    * use the corresponding enums directly. */
   RETRO_HW_CONTEXT_OPENGLES_VERSION = 5,

   /* Vulkan, see RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_GET_HW_RENDER_INTERFACE. */
   RETRO_HW_CONTEXT_VULKAN           = 6,

   RETRO_HW_CONTEXT_DUMMY = INT_MAX
};

struct retro_hw_render_callback
{
   /* Which API to use. Set by libretro core. */
   enum retro_hw_context_type context_type;

   /* Called when a context has been created or when it has been reset.
    * An OpenGL context is only valid after context_reset() has been called.
    *
    * When context_reset is called, OpenGL resources in the libretro 
    * implementation are guaranteed to be invalid.
    *
    * It is possible that context_reset is called multiple times during an 
    * application lifecycle.
    * If context_reset is called without any notification (context_destroy),
    * the OpenGL context was lost and resources should just be recreated
    * without any attempt to "free" old resources.
    */
   retro_hw_context_reset_t context_reset;

   /* Set by frontend.
    * TODO: This is rather obsolete. The frontend should not
    * be providing preallocated framebuffers. */
   retro_hw_get_current_framebuffer_t get_current_framebuffer;

   /* Set by frontend.
    * Can return all relevant functions, including glClear on Windows. */
   retro_hw_get_proc_address_t get_proc_address;

   /* Set if render buffers should have depth component attached.
    * TODO: Obsolete. */
   bool depth;

   /* Set if stencil buffers should be attached.
    * TODO: Obsolete. */
   bool stencil;

   /* If depth and stencil are true, a packed 24/8 buffer will be added. 
    * Only attaching stencil is invalid and will be ignored. */

   /* Use conventional bottom-left origin convention. If false, 
    * standard libretro top-left origin semantics are used.
    * TODO: Move to GL specific interface. */
   bool bottom_left_origin;
   
   /* Major version number for core GL context or GLES 3.1+. */
   unsigned version_major;

   /* Minor version number for core GL context or GLES 3.1+. */
   unsigned version_minor;

   /* If this is true, the frontend will go very far to avoid 
    * resetting context in scenarios like toggling fullscreen, etc.
    * TODO: Obsolete? Maybe frontend should just always assume this ...
    */
   bool cache_context;

   /* The reset callback might still be called in extreme situations 
    * such as if the context is lost beyond recovery.
    *
    * For optimal stability, set this to false, and allow context to be 
    * reset at any time.
    */
   
   /* A callback to be called before the context is destroyed in a 
    * controlled way by the frontend. */
   retro_hw_context_reset_t context_destroy;

   /* OpenGL resources can be deinitialized cleanly at this step.
    * context_destroy can be set to NULL, in which resources will 
    * just be destroyed without any notification.
    *
    * Even when context_destroy is non-NULL, it is possible that 
    * context_reset is called without any destroy notification.
    * This happens if context is lost by external factors (such as 
    * notified by GL_ARB_robustness).
    *
    * In this case, the context is assumed to be already dead,
    * and the libretro implementation must not try to free any OpenGL 
    * resources in the subsequent context_reset.
    */

   /* Creates a debug context. */
   bool debug_context;
};

/* Callback type passed in RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_KEYBOARD_CALLBACK. 
 * Called by the frontend in response to keyboard events.
 * down is set if the key is being pressed, or false if it is being released.
 * keycode is the RETROK value of the char.
 * character is the text character of the pressed key. (UTF-32).
 * key_modifiers is a set of RETROKMOD values or'ed together.
 *
 * The pressed/keycode state can be indepedent of the character.
 * It is also possible that multiple characters are generated from a 
 * single keypress.
 * Keycode events should be treated separately from character events.
 * However, when possible, the frontend should try to synchronize these.
 * If only a character is posted, keycode should be RETROK_UNKNOWN.
 *
 * Similarily if only a keycode event is generated with no corresponding 
 * character, character should be 0.
 */
typedef void (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_keyboard_event_t)(bool down, unsigned keycode, 
      uint32_t character, uint16_t key_modifiers);

struct retro_keyboard_callback
{
   retro_keyboard_event_t callback;
};

/* Callbacks for RETRO_ENVIRONMENT_SET_DISK_CONTROL_INTERFACE.
 * Should be set for implementations which can swap out multiple disk 
 * images in runtime.
 *
 * If the implementation can do this automatically, it should strive to do so.
 * However, there are cases where the user must manually do so.
 *
 * Overview: To swap a disk image, eject the disk image with 
 * set_eject_state(true).
 * Set the disk index with set_image_index(index). Insert the disk again 
 * with set_eject_state(false).
 */

/* If ejected is true, "ejects" the virtual disk tray.
 * When ejected, the disk image index can be set.
 */
typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_set_eject_state_t)(bool ejected);

/* Gets current eject state. The initial state is 'not ejected'. */
typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_get_eject_state_t)(void);

/* Gets current disk index. First disk is index 0.
 * If return value is >= get_num_images(), no disk is currently inserted.
 */
typedef unsigned (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_get_image_index_t)(void);

/* Sets image index. Can only be called when disk is ejected.
 * The implementation supports setting "no disk" by using an 
 * index >= get_num_images().
 */
typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_set_image_index_t)(unsigned index);

/* Gets total number of images which are available to use. */
typedef unsigned (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_get_num_images_t)(void);

struct retro_game_info;

/* Replaces the disk image associated with index.
 * Arguments to pass in info have same requirements as retro_load_game().
 * Virtual disk tray must be ejected when calling this.
 *
 * Replacing a disk image with info = NULL will remove the disk image 
 * from the internal list.
 * As a result, calls to get_image_index() can change.
 *
 * E.g. replace_image_index(1, NULL), and previous get_image_index() 
 * returned 4 before.
 * Index 1 will be removed, and the new index is 3.
 */
typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_replace_image_index_t)(unsigned index,
      const struct retro_game_info *info);

/* Adds a new valid index (get_num_images()) to the internal disk list.
 * This will increment subsequent return values from get_num_images() by 1.
 * This image index cannot be used until a disk image has been set 
 * with replace_image_index. */
typedef bool (RETRO_CALLCONV *retro_add_image_index_t)(void);

struct retro_disk_control_callback
{
   retro_set_eject_state_t set_eject_state;
   retro_get_eject_state_t get_eject_state;

   retro_get_image_index_t get_image_index;
   retro_set_image_index_t set_image_index;
   retro_get_num_images_t  get_num_images;

   retro_replace_image_index_t replace_image_index;
   retro_add_image_index_t add_image_index;
};

enum retro_pixel_format
{
   /* 0RGB1555, native endian.
    * 0 bit must be set to 0.
    * This pixel format is default for compatibility concerns only.
    * If a 15/16-bit pixel format is desired, consider using RGB565. */
   RETRO_PIXEL_FORMAT_0RGB1555 = 0,

   /* XRGB8888, native endian.
    * X bits are ignored. */
   RETRO_PIXEL_FORMAT_XRGB8888 = 1,

   /* RGB565, native endian.
    * This pixel format is the recommended format to use if a 15/16-bit
    * format is desired as it i